JavaScript String substring() Method

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# JavaScript String substring() Method

JavaScript String Object

## Example

Extract characters from a string:

var str = "Hello world!";
var res = str.substring(1,4);

The result of res will be:

ell
Try it yourself »

## Definition and Usage

The substring() method extracts the characters from a string, between two specified indices, and returns the new sub string.

This method extracts the characters in a string between "start" and "end", not including "end" itself.

If "start" is greater than "end", this method will swap the two arguments, meaning str.substring(1,4) == str.substring(4,1).

If either "start" or "stop" is less than 0, it is treated as if it were 0.

Note: The substring() method does not change the original string.

## Browser Support

The substring() method is supported in all major browsers.

## Syntax

string.substring(start,end)

## Parameter Values

Parameter | Description
--- | ---
start | Required. The position where to start the extraction. First character is at index 0
end | Optional. The position (up to, but not including) where to end the extraction. If omitted, it extracts the rest of the string

## Return Value

Type | Description
--- | ---
String | A new string containing the extracted characters

## Technical Details

JavaScript Version: | 1.0

## More Examples

## Example

Begin the extraction at position 2, and extract the rest of the string:

var str = "Hello world!";
var res = str.substring(2)

The result of res will be:

llo world!
Try it yourself »

## Example

If "start" is greater than "end", it will swap the two arguments:

var str = "Hello world!";
var res = str.substring(4,1);

The result of res will be:

ell
Try it yourself »

## Example

If "start" is less than 0, it will start extraction from index position 0:

var str = "Hello world!";
var res = str.substring(-3)

The result of res will be:

Hello World!
Try it yourself »

## Example

Extract only the first character:

var str = "Hello world!";
var res = str.substring(0,1)

The result of res will be:

H
Try it yourself »

## Example

Extract only the last character:

var str = "Hello world!";
var res = str.substring(11,12)

The result of res will be:

!
Try it yourself »

JavaScript String Object

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