Keyboard Shortcuts

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<!--> <!DOCTYPE> <a> <abbr> <acronym> <address> <applet> <area> <article> <aside> <audio> <b> <base> <basefont> <bdi> <bdo> <big> <blockquote> <body> <br> <button> <canvas> <caption> <center> <cite> <code> <col> <colgroup> <command> <datalist> <dd> <del> <details> <dfn> <dialog> <dir> <div> <dl> <dt> <em> <embed> <fieldset> <figcaption> <figure> <font> <footer> <form> <frame> <frameset> <head> <header> <h1> - <h6> <hr> <html> <i> <iframe> <img> <input> <ins> <kbd> <keygen> <label> <legend> <li> <link> <map> <mark> <menu> <meta> <meter> <nav> <noframes> <noscript> <object> <ol> <optgroup> <option> <output> <p> <param> <pre> <progress> <q> <rp> <rt> <ruby> <s> <samp> <script> <section> <select> <small> <source> <span> <strike> <strong> <style> <sub> <summary> <sup> <table> <tbody> <td> <textarea> <tfoot> <th> <thead> <time> <title> <tr> <track> <tt> <u> <ul> <var> <video> <wbr>

# Keyboard Shortcuts

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Save time by using keyboard shortcuts.

## Keyboard Shortcuts For Windows and Mac

Keyboard shortcuts are often used in modern operating systems and computer software programs.

Using keyboard shortcuts could save you a lot of time.

## Basic Shortcuts

Description | Windows | Mac OS
--- | --- | ---
Edit menu | Alt + E | Ctrl + F2 + F
File menu | Alt + F | Ctrl + F2 + E
View menu | Alt + V | Ctrl + F2 + V
Select all text | Ctrl + A | Cmd + A
Copy text | Ctrl + C | Cmd + C
Find text | Ctrl + F | Cmd + F
Find and replace text | Ctrl + H | Cmd + F
New Document | Ctrl + N | Cmd + N
Open a file | Ctrl + O | Cmd + O
Print options | Ctrl + P | Cmd + P
Save file | Ctrl + S | Cmd + S
Paste text | Ctrl + V | Cmd + V
Cut text | Ctrl + X | Cmd + X
Redo text | Ctrl + Y | Shift + Cmd + Z
Undo text | Ctrl + Z | Cmd + Z

## Text Editing

Description | Windows | Mac OS
--- | --- | ---
Cursor Movement |  |
Go to the right or to the beginning of next line break | Right Arrow | Right Arrow
Go to the left or to the end of previous line break | Left Arrow | Left Arrow
Go up one row | Up Arrow | Up Arrow
Go down one row | Down Arrow | Down Arrow
Go to the beginning of the current line | Home | Cmd + Left Arrow
Go to the end of the current line | End | Cmd + Right Arrow
Go to the beginning of the document | Ctrl + Home | Cmd + Up Arrow
Go to the end of the document | Ctrl + End | Cmd + Down Arrow
Move up one frame | Page Up | Fn + Up Arrow
Move down one frame | Page Down | Fn + Down Arrow
Go to beginning of previous word | Ctrl + Left Arrow | Option + Left Arrow
Go to beginning of next word | Ctrl + Right Arrow | Option + Right Arrow
Go to beginning of line break | Ctrl + Up Arrow | Cmd + Left Arrow
Go to end of line break | Ctrl + Down Arrow | Cmd + Right Arrow
Text Selection |  |
Select characters to the left | Shift + Left Arrow | Shift + Left Arrow
Select characters to the right | Shift + Right Arrow | Shift + Right Arrow
Select lines upwards | Shift + Up Arrow | Shift + Up Arrow
Select lines downwards | Shift + Down Arrow | Shift + Down Arrow
Select words to the left | Shift + Ctrl + Left | Shift + Opt + Left
Select words to the right | Shift + Ctrl + Right | Shift + Opt + Right
Select paragraphs to the left | Shift + Ctrl + Up | Shift + Opt + Up
Select paragraphs to the right | Shift + Ctrl + Down | Shift + Opt + Down
Select text between the cursor and the beginning of the current line | Shift + Home | Cmd + Shift + Left Arrow
Select text between the cursor and the end of the current line | Shift + End | Cmd + Shift + Right Arrow
Select text between the cursor and the beginning of the document | Shift + Ctrl + Home | Cmd + Shift + Up Arrow or Cmd + Shift + Fn + Left Arrow
Select text between the cursor and the end of the document | Shift + Ctrl + End | Cmd + Shift + Down Arrow or Cmd + Shift + Fn + Right Arrow
Select one frame at a time of text above the cursor | Shift + Page Up | Shift + Fn + Up Arrow
Select one frame at a time of text below the cursor | Shift + Page Down | Shift + Fn + Down Arrow
Select all text | Ctrl + A | Cmd + A
Find text | Ctrl + F | Cmd + F
Text Formatting |  |
Make selected text bold | Ctrl + B | Cmd + B
Make selected text italic | Ctrl + I | Cmd + I
Underline selected text | Ctrl + U | Cmd + U
Make selected text superscript | Ctrl + Shift + = | Cmd + Shift + =
Make selected text subscript | Ctrl + = | Cmd + =
Text Editing |  |
Delete characters to the left | Backspace | Backspace
Delete characters to the right | Delete | Fn + Backspace
Delete words to the right | Ctrl + Del | Cmd + Backspace
Delete words to the left | Ctrl + Backspace | Cmd + Fn + Backspace
Indent | Tab | Tab
Outdent | Shift + Tab | Shift + Tab
Copy text | Ctrl + C | Cmd + C
Find and replace text | Ctrl + H | Cmd + F
Paste text | Ctrl + V | Cmd + V
Cut text | Ctrl + X | Cmd + X
Redo text | Ctrl + Y | Shift + Cmd + Z
Undo text | Ctrl + Z | Cmd + Z

## Web Browsers

Description | Windows | Mac OS
--- | --- | ---
Navigation |  |
Scroll down a frame | Space or Page Down | Space or Fn + Down Arrow
Scroll up a frame | Shift + Space or Page Up | Shift + Space or Fn + Up Arrow
Go to bottom of the page | End | Cmd + Down Arrow
Go to top of the page | Home | Cmd + Up Arrow
Go back | Alt + Left Arrow or Backspace | Cmd + Left Arrow
Go forward | Alt + Right Arrow or Shift + Backspace | Cmd + Right Arrow
Refresh a webpage | F5 | Cmd + R
Refresh a webpage (no cache) | Ctrl + F5 | Cmd + Shift + R
Stop | Esc | Esc
Toggle full-screen | F11 | Cmd + Shift + F
Zoom in | Ctrl + + | Cmd + +
Zoom out | Ctrl + - | Cmd + -
Zoom 100% (default) | Ctrl + 0 | Cmd + 0
Open homepage | Alt + Home | Option + Home or Option + Fn + Left Arrow
Find text | Ctrl + F | Cmd + F
Tab / Window Management |  |
Open a new tab | Ctrl + T | Cmd + T
Close current tab | Ctrl + W | Cmd + W
Close all tabs | Ctrl + Shift + W | Cmd + Q
Close all tabs except the current tab | Ctrl + Alt + F4 | Cmd + Opt + W
Go to next tab | Ctrl + Tab | Control + Tab or Cmd + Shift + Right Arrow
Go to previous tab | Ctrl + Shift + Tab | Shift + Control + Tab or Cmd + Shift + Left Arrow
Go to a specific tab number | Ctrl + 1-8 | Cmd + 1-8
Go to the last tab | Ctrl + 9 | Cmd + 9
Reopen the last closed tab | Ctrl + Shift + T | Cmd + Shift + T
Open a new window | Ctrl + N | Cmd + N
Close current window | Alt + F4 | Cmd + W
Go to next window | Alt + Tab | Cmd + Tab
Go to previous window | Alt + Shift + Tab | Cmd + Shift + Tab
Reopen the last closed window | Ctrl + Shift + N |
Open links in a new tab in the background | Ctrl + Click | Cmd + Click
Open links in a new tab in the foreground | Ctrl + Shift + Click | Cmd + Shift + Click
Print current webpage | Ctrl + P | Cmd + P
Save current webpage | Ctrl + S | Cmd + S
Address Bar |  |
Cycle between toolbar, search bar, and page elements | Tab | Tab
Go to browser's address bar | Ctrl + L or Alt + D | Cmd + L
Focus and select the browser's search bar | Ctrl + E | Cmd + E / Cmd + K
Open the address bar location in a new tab | Alt + Enter | Opt + Enter
Display a list of previously typed addresses | F4 |
Add "www." to the beginning and ".com" to the end of the text typed in the address bar (e.g., type "w3schools" and press Ctrl + Enter to open "www.w3schools.com") | Ctrl + Enter | Cmd + Enter or Control + Enter
Bookmarks |  |
Open the bookmarks menu | Ctrl + B | Cmd + B
Add bookmark for current page | Ctrl + D | Cmd + Opt + B or Cmd + Shift + B
Open browsing history | Ctrl + H | Cmd + Shift + H or Cmd + Y
Open download history | Ctrl + J | Cmd + J or Cmd + Shift + J

## Screenshots

Description | Windows | Mac OS
--- | --- | ---
Save screenshot of the whole screen as file |  | Cmd + Shift + 3
Copy screenshot of the whole screen to the clipboard | PrtScr (Print Screen) or Ctrl + PrtScr | Cmd + Ctrl + Shift + 3
Save screenshot of window as file |  | Cmd + Shift + 4, then Space
Copy screenshot of window to the clipboard | Alt + PrtScr | Cmd + Ctrl + Shift + 4, then Space
Copy screenshot of wanted area to the clipboard |  | Cmd + Ctrl + Shift + 4
Save screenshot of wanted area as file |  | Cmd + Shift + 4

Note: Due to different keyboard setups, some shortcuts may not be compatible for all users.

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