XPath Axes

## XPath Tutorial

XPath HOME XPath Intro XPath Nodes XPath Syntax XPath Axes XPath Operators XPath Examples XPath Summary

## XPath Reference

XPath Functions

# XPath Axes

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## The XML Example Document

We will use the following XML document in the examples below.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<bookstore>
<book>
<title lang="eng">Harry Potter</title>
<price>29.99</price>
</book>
<book>
<title lang="eng">Learning XML</title>
<price>39.95</price>
</book>
</bookstore>

## XPath Axes

An axis defines a node-set relative to the current node.

AxisName | Result
--- | ---
ancestor | Selects all ancestors (parent, grandparent, etc.) of the current node
ancestor-or-self | Selects all ancestors (parent, grandparent, etc.) of the current node and the current node itself
attribute | Selects all attributes of the current node
child | Selects all children of the current node
descendant | Selects all descendants (children, grandchildren, etc.) of the current node
descendant-or-self | Selects all descendants (children, grandchildren, etc.) of the current node and the current node itself
following | Selects everything in the document after the closing tag of the current node
following-sibling | Selects all siblings after the current node
namespace | Selects all namespace nodes of the current node
parent | Selects the parent of the current node
preceding | Selects all nodes that appear before the current node in the document, except ancestors, attribute nodes and namespace nodes
preceding-sibling | Selects all siblings before the current node
self | Selects the current node

## Location Path Expression

A location path can be absolute or relative.

An absolute location path starts with a slash ( / ) and a relative location path does not. In both cases the location path consists of one or more steps, each separated by a slash:

An absolute location path:
/step/step/...
A relative location path:
step/step/...

Each step is evaluated against the nodes in the current node-set.

A step consists of:

- an axis (defines the tree-relationship between the selected nodes and the current node)
- a node-test (identifies a node within an axis)
- zero or more predicates (to further refine the selected node-set)

The syntax for a location step is:

axisname::nodetest[predicate]

### Examples

Example | Result
--- | ---
child::book | Selects all book nodes that are children of the current node
attribute::lang | Selects the lang attribute of the current node
child::* | Selects all element children of the current node
attribute::* | Selects all attributes of the current node
child::text() | Selects all text node children of the current node
child::node() | Selects all children of the current node
descendant::book | Selects all book descendants of the current node
ancestor::book | Selects all book ancestors of the current node
ancestor-or-self::book | Selects all book ancestors of the current node - and the current as well if it is a book node
child::*/child::price | Selects all price grandchildren of the current node

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